73 research outputs found
Subspace-Aware Feature Reconstruction for Unsupervised Anomaly Localization
Unsupervised anomaly localization, which plays a critical role in industrial
manufacturing, is to identify anomalous regions that deviate from patterns
established exclusively from nominal samples. Recent mainstream methods focus
on approximating the target feature distribution by leveraging embeddings from
ImageNet models. However, a common issue in many anomaly localization methods
is the lack of adaptability of the feature approximations to specific targets.
Consequently, their ability to effectively identify anomalous regions relies
significantly on the data coverage provided by the finite resources in a memory
bank. In this paper, we propose a novel subspace-aware feature reconstruction
framework for anomaly localization. To achieve adaptive feature approximation,
our proposed method involves the reconstruction of the feature representation
through the self-expressive model designed to learn low-dimensional subspaces.
Importantly, the sparsity of the subspace representation contributes to
covering feature patterns from the same subspace with fewer resources, leading
to a reduction in the memory bank. Extensive experiments across three
industrial benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves
competitive anomaly localization performance compared to state-of-the-art
methods by adaptively reconstructing target features with a small number of
samples
Semiconducting Electronic Structure of the Ferromagnetic Spinel Revealed by Soft-X-Ray Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
We study the electronic structure of the ferromagnetic spinel
by soft-x-ray angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES) and first-principles calculations. While
a theoretical study has predicted that this material is a magnetic Weyl
semimetal, SX-ARPES measurements give direct evidence for a semiconducting
state in the ferromagnetic phase. Band calculations based on the density
functional theory with hybrid functionals reproduce the experimentally
determined band gap value, and the calculated band dispersion matches well with
ARPES experiments. We conclude that the theoretical prediction of a Weyl
semimetal state in underestimates the
band gap, and this material is a ferromagnetic semiconductor.Comment: 6+13 pages, 4+13 figure
Mechanistic insights into intramembrane proteolysis by E. coli site-2 protease homolog RseP
細胞膜の中ではたらく特殊なタンパク質分解酵素の構造を解明 --細菌感染症の新たな治療法の開発へ期待--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-25.Site-2 proteases are a conserved family of intramembrane proteases that cleave transmembrane substrates to regulate signal transduction and maintain proteostasis. Here, we elucidated crystal structures of inhibitor-bound forms of bacterial site-2 proteases including Escherichia coli RseP. Structure-based chemical modification and cross-linking experiments indicated that the RseP domains surrounding the active center undergo conformational changes to expose the substrate-binding site, suggesting that RseP has a gating mechanism to regulate substrate entry. Furthermore, mutational analysis suggests that a conserved electrostatic linkage between the transmembrane and peripheral membrane-associated domains mediates the conformational changes. In vivo cleavage assays also support that the substrate transmembrane helix is unwound by strand addition to the intramembrane β sheet of RseP and is clamped by a conserved asparagine residue at the active center for efficient cleavage. This mechanism underlying the substrate binding, i.e., unwinding and clamping, appears common across distinct families of intramembrane proteases that cleave transmembrane segments
Ablation of the scaffold protein JLP causes reduced fertility in male mice
金沢大学がん研究所がん分子細胞制御The specific and efficient activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling modules is mediated, at least in part, by scaffold proteins. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) was identified as a scaffold protein for JNK and p38 MAPK signaling modules. JLP is expressed nearly ubiquitously and is involved in intracellular signaling pathways, such as the Gα13 and Cdo-mediated pathway, in vitro. To date, however, JLP expression has not been analyzed in detail, nor are its physiological functions well understood. Here we investigated the expression of JLP in the mouse testis during development. Of the tissues examined, JLP was strongest in the testis, with the most intense staining in the elongated spermatids. Since the anti-JLP antibody used in this study can recognize both JLP and sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9), a splice variant of JLP that has been studied extensively in primates, we also examined its expression in macaque testis samples. Our results indicated that in mouse and primate testis, the isoform expressed at the highest level was JLP, not SPAG9. We also investigated the function of JLP by disrupting the Jlp gene in mice, and found that the male homozygotes were subfertile. Taken together, these observations may suggest that JLP plays an important role in testis during development, especially in the production of functionally normal spermatozoa. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
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